ARTICLES FOR SCHOLARLY DICTIONARIES AND ENCYCLOPEDIAS
“Hospitals” in Encyclopedia of the Modern World, ed. by Peter N. Stearns, New York, Oxford University Press, (in press)
“William Cullen” and “Hospitals” in Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, ed. by Jonathan Dewald, 6 vols., New York, Scribner's Sons, 2003. vol. 2, pp. ?? and vol. 3, pp. ??.
“Hospital” and “Bernardo Houssay,” in The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science, ed. by J. L. Heilbron, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 347-48 and 379-80.
“Hospitals” in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. by Alan C. Kors, 4 vols., New York, Oxford University Press, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 220-22.
“Modern Hospitals” in Oxford Illustrated Companion to Medicine, ed. by Stephen Lock, John M. Last and George Dunea, Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 2001, pp. 392-96.
“Hospital: Modern History” in Encyclopedia of Bioethics, ed. by W. T. Reich, rev. ed., 4 vols. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co, 1995, vol. 2, pp. 1163-68.
“Medical Care,” in Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine, ed. by W. F. Bynum and R. Porter, 2 vols. London: Routledge, 1993, vol 1, pp. 45-77.
“History of Western Medicine from Hippocrates to Germ Theory,” in The Cambridge World History of Human Disease, ed. by K. F. Kiple. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 11-19.
“Bernardo A. Houssay,” and “Robert Koch,” in Nobel Laureates in Medicine or Physiology, A Biographical Dictionary, ed. by D. M. Fox, M. Meldrum, and I. Rezak. New York: Garland Publishing, 1990, pp. 272–75 and 312–15.
“A History of Epidemics,” in Health and Medical Horizons, 1988. New York: MacMillan Educational Co., 1988, pp. 166–74.
“History of Medicine,” in The Encyclopedia Americana. Danbury, C.T.: Groiler, Inc., 1981, vol. 18, pp. 624–36.
“Folk Medicine,” in The Academic American Encyclopedia, 22 vols. Princeton, NJ: Arete Publ. Co., 1980, vol. 8, pp. 201.
Encyclopedia of Bioethics, ed. by W. T. Reich, 4 vols. NY: Free Press, 1978,
“Health and Disease: History of the Concepts,” vol. 2, pp. 579–85, and “The History of Medical Ethics: 19th-Century Central Europe,” vol. 3, pp. 968–71.
Dictionary of Scientific Biography, published under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies, ed. by C. C. Gillispie, 16 vols, New York: C. Scribners’ Sons, 1970-80.
“Ignaz Dollinger.” 4 (1971): 146–47.
“Georg D. Ehret.” 4 (1971): 295.
“August W. Eicher.” 4 (1971): 306–7.
“Friedrich Hoffmann.” 6 (1972): 458–61.
“Johann F. Meckel.” 9 (1974): 252–53.
“Johann C. Reil.” 11 (1975): 363–65.
“Fritz R. Schaudinn.” 12 (1975): 141–43.
“Moritz Schiff.” 12 (1975): 164–65.
“Ignaz Semmelweiss.” 12 (1975): 294–97.
“Kurt Sprengel.” 12 (1975): 591–92.
“Rudolf Virchow.” 14 (1976): 39–44.
“Johann B.Wilbrand.” 14 (1976): 351–53.
“Bernardo A. Houssay.” 15 (1978): 228–29.